Hormone

What is a Hormone? Hormones is a chemical substances naturally produced by the body. Once secreted, hormones will be supplied by the blood to various tissue cells and cause certain effects in accordance with their respective functions. Examples of the effect of hormones on the human body:

1. Physical changes are marked by the growth of hair in certain areas and a distinctive body shape in men and women. 
2. Psychological changes: feminine and masculine behavior, sensitivity, mood. 
3. Reproductive System Changes: Maturation of reproductive organs, the production of sexual organs. 

Chromosome

What are Chromosome? Chromosomes is vary widely between different organisms. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100,000 to 10,000,000,000 nucleotides in a long chain.


In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular division and must be replicated, divided, and passed successfully to their daughter cells so as to ensure the genetic diversity and survival of their progeny.

HIV AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes Acquired Immunoeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk.

Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (perinatal transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

Cosmetics Information

Many people avoid artificial colours in their foods, but don't check out the colours in cosmetics and personal care products. It is only in recent years that cosmetics have started to carry a full list of ingredients on their packaging.


Making sense of the ingredients can be difficult for the lay person. This is particularly true for colourings, which often go under the guise of numbers rather than names.


The USA uses a different system: the FD & C colors have been categorised by the American Food & Drink Administration for use in foods, drugs and cosmetics. So in this system tartrazine is FD & C yellow 5, and amaranth is FD & C red 2.

What is Gene

What is Gene? Genes are the units of heredity of living organisms. Physical form is a DNA sequence that becomes the password of a protein, polypeptide, or a strand of RNA that has a function to organisms that possess it.

Genes inherited by an individual to the offspring through a process of reproduction, together with DNA that carries it. Thus, information that maintains the integrity of form and function of an organism's life can be maintained.

In Eukaryote, gene structure consists of:

• Regulatory domains of transcription initiation, consisting among others of: chain  GCCACACCC, ATGCAAAT, GC box, CCAAT box and  TATA box.
• Intron
• Ekson, is an codification area of protein that can be transcribed in overlapping or non overlapping. 
• End regulation domain transcription