Viruses

A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and Archaea.

Although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a deficiency of blood clotting factors. Hemophilia A occurs if there are abnormalities in the gene that causes a lack of clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Hemophilia B lack of clotting factor IX (FIX). Hemophilia A and B cannot be distinguished because it has a similar clinical appearance and a similar pattern of gene inheritance.

Hemophilia is a genetic disease of the oldest ever recorded. Inherited bleeding disorder that occurs in a male was recorded in file Talmud in the Second Century. Modern history of hemophilia began in 1803 by John Otto was there a child who suffered from hemophilia.

HIV AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes Acquired Immunoeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk.

Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (perinatal transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.