Viruses

A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and Archaea.

Although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a deficiency of blood clotting factors. Hemophilia A occurs if there are abnormalities in the gene that causes a lack of clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Hemophilia B lack of clotting factor IX (FIX). Hemophilia A and B cannot be distinguished because it has a similar clinical appearance and a similar pattern of gene inheritance.

Hemophilia is a genetic disease of the oldest ever recorded. Inherited bleeding disorder that occurs in a male was recorded in file Talmud in the Second Century. Modern history of hemophilia began in 1803 by John Otto was there a child who suffered from hemophilia.

Type of Mutation

Mutations are changes that occur in genetic material (DNA or RNA), both at the level of gene sequences (point mutations) or at the level of chromosomes. Mutations at the chromosomal level are usually called aberration. Mutations in the gene may lead to the emergence of new alleles and the basis for the emergence of new variations on the species.

Several examples of mutations:
Somatic mutations are mutations in somatic cells, such as skin cells. These mutations are not inherited in the offspring. Gamete mutations are mutations that occur in gamete cells, such as cells of the reproductive organs including sperm and ovum in humans. Because of the gamete cells, it will be passed on to offspring.