Cancer Cells

Cancer cells are cells that grow and divide at an unregulated, quickened pace. Although cancer cells can be quite common in a person they are only malignant when the other cells (particularly natural killer cells) fail to recognize and/or destroy them.

In the past a common belief was that cancer cells failed to be recognized and destroyed because of a weakness in the immune system. However, more recent research has shown that the failure to recognize cancer cells is caused by the lack of particular co-stimulated molecules that aid in the way antigens react with lymphocytes.

Cell Membrane Theory

Cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.

It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling and serve as the attachment surface for the extracellular glycocalyx and cell wall and intracellular cytoskeleton.

Parasitism Science Theory

Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host. Traditionally parasite referred to organisms with life stages that went beyond one host, which are now called macro parasites.

Parasites can now also refer to micro parasites, which are typically smaller, such as viruses and bacteria and can be directly transmitted between hosts of one species.

Cell Science Theory

Cell Science Theory, there are several theories about the origin of small molecules that could lead to life in an early Earth. One is that they came from meteorites Another is that they were created at deep-sea vents. A third is that they were synthesized by lightning in a reducing atmosphere; although it is not clear if Earth had such an atmosphere.

There are essentially no experimental data defining what the first self-replicating forms were. RNA is generally assumed the earliest self-replicating molecule, as it is capable of both storing genetic information and catalyzing chemical reactions.

Protein in cell

Protein, what is Protein? Proteins is a complex organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and contain sulfur and phosphor. Proteins have a main function in structure and cell function all organism and viruses.

Protein in food which consume human will absorb by intestine in the form amino acid. Sometime amino acid which is peptide and small molecule will absorb through the intestinal wall and absorb into the blood vessels. This is what caused allergic reaction in body that arise in people which consume foods that contain protein like a milk, fish, shrimp, egg, etc.

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is basically the substance that fills the cell. It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clears in color. It is more like a viscous (thick) gel than a watery substance, but it liquefies when shaken or stirred.

Cytoplasm, which can also be referred to as cytosol, means cell substance. This name is very fitting because cytoplasm is the substance of life that serves as a molecular soup in which all of the cell's organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane. The cytoplasm is found inside the cell membrane and the cytoplasmic organelles.

Bacteria

Bacteria

Bacteria are a large group of prokaryotic organisms, except Archaea. Bacteria have a very small size (microscopic) and have a big role in life on earth. In the classification bacteria classified in the Divisio schizomycetes.

Several groups of bacteria known as causative infection and disease. While other groups could provide enormous benefits to human life, particularly in food, medicine, and industry.

Bacteria have a simple cell structure: without nucleus (main cell), cell skeleton, and another organelle like a mitochondria and chloroplast. This became a basis different between prokaryote cell and eukaryote cell (more complex cell).

Viruses

A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and Archaea.

Although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a deficiency of blood clotting factors. Hemophilia A occurs if there are abnormalities in the gene that causes a lack of clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Hemophilia B lack of clotting factor IX (FIX). Hemophilia A and B cannot be distinguished because it has a similar clinical appearance and a similar pattern of gene inheritance.

Hemophilia is a genetic disease of the oldest ever recorded. Inherited bleeding disorder that occurs in a male was recorded in file Talmud in the Second Century. Modern history of hemophilia began in 1803 by John Otto was there a child who suffered from hemophilia.

Type of Mutation

Mutations are changes that occur in genetic material (DNA or RNA), both at the level of gene sequences (point mutations) or at the level of chromosomes. Mutations at the chromosomal level are usually called aberration. Mutations in the gene may lead to the emergence of new alleles and the basis for the emergence of new variations on the species.

Several examples of mutations:
Somatic mutations are mutations in somatic cells, such as skin cells. These mutations are not inherited in the offspring. Gamete mutations are mutations that occur in gamete cells, such as cells of the reproductive organs including sperm and ovum in humans. Because of the gamete cells, it will be passed on to offspring.

Hormone

What is a Hormone? Hormones is a chemical substances naturally produced by the body. Once secreted, hormones will be supplied by the blood to various tissue cells and cause certain effects in accordance with their respective functions. Examples of the effect of hormones on the human body:

1. Physical changes are marked by the growth of hair in certain areas and a distinctive body shape in men and women. 
2. Psychological changes: feminine and masculine behavior, sensitivity, mood. 
3. Reproductive System Changes: Maturation of reproductive organs, the production of sexual organs. 

Chromosome

What are Chromosome? Chromosomes is vary widely between different organisms. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100,000 to 10,000,000,000 nucleotides in a long chain.


In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular division and must be replicated, divided, and passed successfully to their daughter cells so as to ensure the genetic diversity and survival of their progeny.

HIV AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes Acquired Immunoeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk.

Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (perinatal transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

Cosmetics Information

Many people avoid artificial colours in their foods, but don't check out the colours in cosmetics and personal care products. It is only in recent years that cosmetics have started to carry a full list of ingredients on their packaging.


Making sense of the ingredients can be difficult for the lay person. This is particularly true for colourings, which often go under the guise of numbers rather than names.


The USA uses a different system: the FD & C colors have been categorised by the American Food & Drink Administration for use in foods, drugs and cosmetics. So in this system tartrazine is FD & C yellow 5, and amaranth is FD & C red 2.

What is Gene

What is Gene? Genes are the units of heredity of living organisms. Physical form is a DNA sequence that becomes the password of a protein, polypeptide, or a strand of RNA that has a function to organisms that possess it.

Genes inherited by an individual to the offspring through a process of reproduction, together with DNA that carries it. Thus, information that maintains the integrity of form and function of an organism's life can be maintained.

In Eukaryote, gene structure consists of:

• Regulatory domains of transcription initiation, consisting among others of: chain  GCCACACCC, ATGCAAAT, GC box, CCAAT box and  TATA box.
• Intron
• Ekson, is an codification area of protein that can be transcribed in overlapping or non overlapping. 
• End regulation domain transcription 

Human Cell Science

Animal cell is a common name to Eukaryotic cell prepares animal tissue. Animal cell is different from another eukaryotic cell, like a plant cell. Because animal cell has no cell wall, chloroplast, and usually animal cell have a more little vakuola or not even exist, centrosome and centriole look apparent.  Because animal cell haven’t hard cell wall so the animal cell have a variation form. Human cell is a one type from animal cell. 

The human body was constantly continuously create new fat cells grow to replace every occurrence of the fat cells are dying due to natural processes of aging. 

What are Cells

What are Cells? Cells are the smallest organizational unit that became the basis of life (in a biological sense). All functions of life are organized and take place inside the cell. Therefore, the cell can function as autonomous as long as all their needs are met. All cellular organisms are divided into two groups, namely organisms prokaryotes and eukaryotes organisms.

Organisms prokaryotes have no nucleus and the internal organization of cells have a relatively more modest. Prokaryotes are divided into two two major groups: eubakteria covering almost all types of bacteria, and archaea, the prokaryotes are  very similar to the bacteria and breed in extreme environments like hot springs, acidic or water that contains very high levels of salt . Prokaryotic genomes consist of a single circular chromosome, with no organization of DNA.